James Webb Telescope: The giant black holes present in the center of large galaxies cause disruption in the process of star formation there. This claim has been made in a study conducted using data from the James Webb Space Telescope.
James Webb Space Telescope: Supermassive black holes are rapidly stopping the process of star formation within the galaxy. Black holes explosively remove the gas from which new stars are born. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has caught black holes doing this red-handed. The study conducted by scientists with the help of JWST has been published in the journal Nature. Supermassive black holes are those whose size can be one lakh times to 1000 crore times that of our Sun. Such black holes are usually found in the centers of galaxies. These black holes keep swallowing huge amounts of gas there. Galaxies in which such processes occur are said to have 'Active Galactic Nuclei' or AGN. For a long time, scientists have believed that the gas that supermassive black holes expel is slowing down the process of star formation. This had not been seen to happen till now, but the James Webb Space Telescope has removed that shortcoming.
How do black holes stop the formation of new stars?
The density of black holes is very high. Even light cannot escape from their gravitational field. Then how can the gas come out from them? Scientists do not know the direct answer to this question. Some theories say that there is such an outward flow of matter from rapidly rotating black holes so that the angular momentum is conserved. It was difficult to prove how this flow slows down the process of star formation. The studies till now were based on ionized gases coming out of black holes. But a new study conducted by JWST shows that more than 90% of the gas is cold and neutral. This was never seen in previous studies.
Scientists conducted research on COSMOS-11142 through JWST. Spread over 4,000 light years, this galaxy is about 11 billion away from Earth. Scientists found that the outflow rate in the neutral phase was up to 100 times higher than that in the ionized phase. Through this, scientists were able to see for the first time how supermassive black holes push out the gas that forms stars.
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According to research, the flow coming out of the black hole is removing gas faster than it is turning it into stars. This indicates that the outflow of a black hole can have a profound impact on the evolution of the galaxy. Scientists said that their study provides evidence that black hole flows rapidly stop or 'strangle' star formation in giant galaxies.
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